The Daily EPUB

A personalized daily newspaper, delivered as an EPUB.

Every morning a systemd timer wakes one Rust binary. It pulls the last ~26 hours from a self-hosted Miniflux, deduplicates and extracts the articles, enriches them with HackerNews/Lobsters/Reddit social proof, filters 300–500 candidates down to ~120 with cheap heuristics, and asks DeepSeek to score, select and introduce 15–25 of them. It assembles two EPUB editions (a standard one and one tuned for the Xteink X4 e-ink reader), converts the X4 edition to XTC, and drops everything into a BookOrbit watched folder so KOReader can pick it up over OPDS. Each article chapter ends with 👍/👎 links that feed back into tomorrow's curation.

Steady-state cost is roughly $0.05–0.30/day in DeepSeek tokens, hard-capped by max_daily_usd.

• Full design: docs/plans/2026-08-15-the-daily-epub.md
• Implementation decisions: docs/plans/2026-08-15-implementation-notes.md

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Pipeline

Miniflux ingest ─▶ dedupe ─▶ extraction ─▶ persist ─▶ social enrichment
  ─▶ pre-filter ─▶ LLM scoring ─▶ selection ─▶ comments ─▶ world briefing
  ─▶ editorial ─▶ EPUB (standard + X4) ─▶ XTC ─▶ publish ─▶ report

Every stage writes to SQLite, so a run is idempotent per date: re-running generate --date 2026-08-15 replaces that issue rather than duplicating it.

Failure policy. Miniflux ingest, SQLite writes, EPUB assembly and publishing are fatal — without them there is no issue, and the runs row records why. Social lookups, comment fetching, the world briefing, images and the XTC conversion are best-effort: they log, add a warning (run status degraded) and the run continues. Every DeepSeek stage degrades: a missing key, a dead API or a tripped budget turns the run into the --skip-llm shape (prefilter order selects, feed excerpts stand in for summaries) instead of losing the day's issue.

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Prerequisites

Requirement	Why	Notes
Rust (2024 edition toolchain)	building	cargo build --release
Miniflux with an API key	the only content source	Settings → API Keys. The client is read-only and never mutates read state.
DeepSeek API key	curation + editorial	https://platform.deepseek.com. Optional: --skip-llm runs the whole pipeline without it.
A 32+ byte random secret	signs the 👍/👎 rating links	openssl rand -hex 32
BookOrbit library + watched folder	delivery to KOReader over OPDS	Create a dedicated "The Daily EPUB" library, enable Watch folders, note the folder path.
Node.js 18+ and a clone of epub-to-xtc-converter	XTC/XTCH output for the Xteink X4	Optional (xtc.enabled = false turns it off). Needs npm install inside cli/, and a settings JSON naming a real TTF/OTF — see below. It has no global npm bin — it is invoked as node <repo>/cli/index.js convert …, which is why xtc.command/xtc.args are fully general.
A reverse proxy for daily.hallada.net → 127.0.0.1:3499	rating links must be reachable from e-readers on the internet	TLS via your existing setup.

data/scour-interests.opml (the ~220 Scour interests the taste profile is seeded from) must be readable at the path in interests_opml.

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Install & build

git clone https://github.com/thallada/the-daily-epub && cd the-daily-epub
cargo build --release
cargo test                      # everything is offline; no keys needed
sudo install -m0755 target/release/daily-epub /usr/local/bin/

Commands

daily-epub generate [--date YYYY-MM-DD] [--dry-run] [--out DIR] [--max-articles N] [--skip-llm]
daily-epub serve                # rating endpoints + XTC OPDS + static files
daily-epub profile rebuild      # regenerate the taste profile from ratings (weekly inside generate)
daily-epub backfill-social      # re-poll social scores for recent articles
daily-epub db migrate           # run migrations (also automatic on every start)

--dry-run does everything except deliver: it still ingests, persists entries and articles, curates and builds both EPUBs into --out, but it does not copy to BookOrbit, does not run the retention sweep, does not write the issues row and does not advance the ingest watermark. It prints the lineup and the cost report.

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Configuration

Start from config.example.toml. Load order, later wins:

1. built-in defaults
2. the TOML file (--config PATH, else ./config.toml when present)
3. DAILY_EPUB_* environment variables

Nested keys use a double underscore: [miniflux] api_key becomes DAILY_EPUB_MINIFLUX__API_KEY. Top-level keys are just uppercased: DAILY_EPUB_LOOKBACK_HOURS=30. As a convenience, plain DAILY_EPUB_SECRET is accepted as an alias for server.hmac_secret (the explicit key wins if both are set).

Secrets belong in the environment file, never in the TOML.

Reference

Key	Default	Meaning
timezone	America/New_York	Day boundaries and --date interpretation.
lookback_hours	26	Size of the ingest window ending at the issue day's end (clamped to now).
target_article_count	20	Lineup size the selector aims for. --max-articles overrides it.
prefilter_keep	120	Candidates surviving the heuristic pre-filter. Must be ≥ target_article_count.
retention_days	21	Published files older than this are deleted from both publish dirs. SQLite history is kept forever.
max_daily_usd	2.0	Hard ceiling on DeepSeek spend per day, not per run — a re-run inherits what earlier runs for that date already spent. Tripping it skips remaining LLM work and degrades to excerpts.
world_briefing	true	Include the Wikipedia Current Events section.
database_path	/var/lib/daily-epub/daily-epub.db	SQLite file; parent dirs are created.
out_dir	/var/lib/daily-epub/out	Where generate writes artifacts before publishing.
interests_opml	data/scour-interests.opml	Scour interest export used to seed the taste profile.
miniflux.base_url	http://127.0.0.1:8082	Miniflux root (no /v1).
miniflux.api_key	—	DAILY_EPUB_MINIFLUX__API_KEY. Required.
miniflux.page_limit	250	Entries per page; Miniflux caps this at 250.
deepseek.base_url	https://api.deepseek.com/v1	OpenAI-compatible endpoint.
deepseek.model	deepseek-v4-flash	Verified 2026-08-15 (DeepSeek-V4-Flash-0731).
deepseek.api_key	—	DAILY_EPUB_DEEPSEEK__API_KEY. Absent ⇒ the run curates heuristically.
deepseek.score_batch_size	12	Articles per stage-A scoring request.
deepseek.score_temperature	0.3	Scoring/selection temperature.
deepseek.editorial_temperature	0.8	Summaries, intros, front page.
deepseek.price_input_per_mtok	0.14	USD per 1M cache-miss input tokens (cost guardrail arithmetic).
deepseek.price_cached_input_per_mtok	0.0028	USD per 1M prefix-cache-hit input tokens.
deepseek.price_output_per_mtok	0.28	USD per 1M output tokens.
curation.always_include_feeds	[]	Miniflux feed ids or URL substrings that can never be dropped.
curation.blocked_domains	[]	Hosts excluded outright.
curation.paywall_domains	[]	Extra paywalled hosts, merged with the built-in list (nytimes, wsj, ft, economist, …).
curation.sections	8 sections	The only section names the model may use. World Briefing is reserved and never offered.
publish.bookorbit_dir	/srv/bookorbit/libraries/daily-epub	BookOrbit watched folder. Both EPUB editions land here by atomic copy, distinguished by a (X4) tag in both the filename and dc:title — libraries and OPDS clients list books by title, so the filename alone would make them look identical.
publish.xtc_dir	/var/lib/daily-epub/xtc	XTC artifacts + the generated xtc.xml OPDS feed.
xtc.enabled	true	Set false to skip the converter entirely.
xtc.command	node	Converter executable.
xtc.args	["/opt/epub-to-xtc-converter/cli/index.js", "convert"]	Prefix; the code appends <input.epub> -o <output> -f <format> (plus -c <settings>).
xtc.format	xtch	xtc (1-bit) or xtch (2-bit grayscale). xtch is ~96 KB per rendered page, xtc half that.
xtc.settings	unset	Settings JSON passed as -c. The flag is optional to the converter but the file is required in practice: without font.path the converter exits 2 before doing any work. Start from xtc-settings.example.json.
server.bind	127.0.0.1:3499	Listen address.
server.public_url	https://daily.hallada.net	Base URL the rating links inside the EPUB are built from.
server.hmac_secret	—	DAILY_EPUB_SERVER__HMAC_SECRET (or DAILY_EPUB_SECRET). Without it, generated links are rejected with 403.
server.basic_auth_user / _pass	unset	Optional Basic auth for /opds/xtc.xml and /files/xtc/.

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Deployment (systemd)

Units live in systemd/: daily-epub.service (the server), daily-epub-generate.service (oneshot) and daily-epub-generate.timer (05:30 America/New_York, Persistent=true, 5-minute jitter).

# binary
cargo build --release
sudo install -m0755 target/release/daily-epub /usr/local/bin/

# user + state
sudo useradd --system --home /var/lib/daily-epub --shell /usr/sbin/nologin daily-epub

# config + secrets
sudo install -d -m0750 -o daily-epub -g daily-epub /etc/daily-epub
sudo install -m0640 -o daily-epub -g daily-epub config.example.toml /etc/daily-epub/config.toml
sudo -e /etc/daily-epub/config.toml            # set publish dirs, xtc args, public_url
sudo tee /etc/daily-epub/env >/dev/null <<EOF
DAILY_EPUB_MINIFLUX__API_KEY=…
DAILY_EPUB_DEEPSEEK__API_KEY=…
DAILY_EPUB_SERVER__HMAC_SECRET=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
EOF
sudo chown daily-epub:daily-epub /etc/daily-epub/env && sudo chmod 0600 /etc/daily-epub/env

# publish dirs must exist and be writable by the service user
sudo install -d -o daily-epub -g daily-epub /var/lib/daily-epub/xtc
sudo setfacl -m u:daily-epub:rwx /srv/bookorbit/libraries/daily-epub   # or chown

# units
sudo install -m0644 systemd/daily-epub.service systemd/daily-epub-generate.service \
                    systemd/daily-epub-generate.timer /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now daily-epub.service daily-epub-generate.timer

Keep ReadWritePaths in sync. Both units run under ProtectSystem=strict and list the publish directories explicitly:

ReadWritePaths=/home/thallada/bookorbit/books/daily-epub /var/lib/daily-epub/xtc

If you change publish.bookorbit_dir or publish.xtc_dir in the config, change these lines too and systemctl daemon-reload, or publishing fails with Read-only file system.

The generate unit deliberately omits MemoryDenyWriteExecute because it spawns Node for the XTC converter, whose JIT needs W+X pages.

Reverse proxy (daily.hallada.net)

The rating links baked into every article chapter point at server.public_url, so daily.hallada.net must resolve and serve TLS from the internet (e-readers tap these links). The XTC OPDS feed rides on the same host. With an existing certificate, a minimal nginx site is:

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    listen [::]:443 ssl;
    server_name daily.hallada.net;

    ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/daily.hallada.net/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/daily.hallada.net/privkey.pem;

    # XTCH files can be tens of MB; don't buffer them through nginx memory.
    proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3499;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name daily.hallada.net;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

Enable it (ln -s into sites-enabled, nginx -t, systemctl reload nginx), then curl https://daily.hallada.net/healthz should return ok. No auth is needed at the proxy layer: rating links are self-authenticating (HMAC tokens) and the OPDS/file routes use the app-level Basic auth from server.basic_auth_user/_pass if you set them.

Installing the XTC converter

sudo git clone https://github.com/bigbag/epub-to-xtc-converter /opt/epub-to-xtc-converter
sudo npm --prefix /opt/epub-to-xtc-converter/cli install --omit=dev
sudo install -m0644 -o daily-epub -g daily-epub \
     xtc-settings.example.json /etc/daily-epub/xtc-settings.json
sudo -e /etc/daily-epub/xtc-settings.json     # point font.path at a font you have

font.path must be an existing TTF/OTF: the converter validates its settings before opening the EPUB and exits 2 with Font path is required otherwise. There is no built-in default, and the converter's own cli/settings.json points at a GNOME font that most servers do not have. Check with fc-list | grep -i serif.

Then verify by hand before trusting the timer — as daily-epub, the account the timer actually uses:

sudo -u daily-epub node /opt/epub-to-xtc-converter/cli/index.js convert \
     "/var/lib/daily-epub/out/The Daily EPUB - $(date +%F) (X4).epub" \
     -o /tmp/xtc-check.xtch -f xtch -c /etc/daily-epub/xtc-settings.json

Do not run this as yourself. /etc/daily-epub is 0750 daily-epub:daily-epub, so any other account — including your own — cannot even traverse into it. The converter loads its settings behind fs.existsSync(), which returns false on EACCES just as it does for a missing file, so an unreadable config is silently discarded and the built-in defaults (font.path: null) are used instead. You get Font path is required for a file that exists and is perfectly valid. Running as daily-epub both avoids the trap and proves the service can read everything it needs.

How the XTC edition reaches the X4

The .xtch file in publish.xtc_dir is not meant for BookOrbit — BookOrbit only watches the EPUB folder and wouldn't import the XTC binary format anyway. daily-epub serve publishes its own OPDS 1.2 feed for it: point the X4's CrossPoint OPDS browser at https://daily.hallada.net/opds/xtc.xml (the bare https://daily.hallada.net/opds works too) and it will list the last 14 issues, newest first, with the files served from /files/xtc/. (The X4 can also fall back to the "(X4)" EPUB via BookOrbit's own OPDS catalog.)

xtc.xml is not an issue — it is a generated index, rewritten from scratch at the end of every run by scanning publish.xtc_dir for .xtc/.xtch files. The issues themselves are the dated files beside it; /files/xtc/ is a route, not a directory on disk. So the feed always carries the back catalogue, capped at the last 14 days by XTC_FEED_ENTRIES and bounded by retention_days on disk. An empty <feed> with no <entry> elements means the converter never produced a file — check the run's warnings, not the server.

Budget the disk. XTCH is a pre-rendered 2-bit page bitmap — 480×800 px is ~96 KB per page regardless of what is on it — so an issue is large and its size tracks the page count, which font.size drives:

font.size	pages	.xtch	.xtc (1-bit)
34 (converter default)	1,088	104 MB	~52 MB
30 (xtc-settings.example.json)	820	79 MB	~39 MB

Measured on the 20-article issue of 2026-08-15; conversion took ~13 s either way. At retention_days = 21 that is 1.7–2.2 GB in publish.xtc_dir, and it is also what the X4 downloads over WiFi per issue.

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Operational verification

Condensed from spec §5. Run it in this order the first time.

# 1. Config and schema
daily-epub --config /etc/daily-epub/config.toml db migrate

# 2. Ingest only, no keys spent: does Miniflux answer, and with how much?
DAILY_EPUB_OUT_DIR=./out daily-epub generate --dry-run --skip-llm --max-articles 6 --out ./out
#    → prints the window, per-feed entry counts, the lineup and $0.0000

# 3. Inspect the artifacts
ls -la ./out                       # two .epub files
epubcheck "./out/The Daily EPUB - $(date +%F).epub"   # expect zero errors
#    open the standard edition in Calibre / KOReader: cover, From the Editor,
#    In This Issue, sections, discussions, colophon; TOC depth 2

# 4. Now with DeepSeek, still not publishing
daily-epub generate --dry-run --out ./out --max-articles 6
#    → check the lineup is sane and the printed cost is well under $0.50

# 5. Full live run
sudo systemctl start daily-epub-generate
journalctl -u daily-epub-generate -n 100 --no-pager
ls -la /srv/bookorbit/libraries/daily-epub /var/lib/daily-epub/xtc
#    → the issue appears in BookOrbit's UI under the Daily EPUB library only

# 6. Delivery
#    KOReader (Kindle/Palma): browse BookOrbit's OPDS, download, read.
#    Xteink X4 / CrossPoint: OPDS → https://daily.hallada.net/opds/xtc.xml
curl -s https://daily.hallada.net/healthz
curl -s https://daily.hallada.net/opds/xtc.xml | head
curl -s https://daily.hallada.net/issues.json | jq '.[0]'

# 7. Feedback loop: tap 👍 in KOReader, then
sqlite3 /var/lib/daily-epub/daily-epub.db 'select * from ratings;'
sqlite3 /var/lib/daily-epub/daily-epub.db 'select * from feed_priors;'

# 8. Watch cost and quality for a week
sqlite3 /var/lib/daily-epub/daily-epub.db \
  'select date, status, entries_fetched, candidates, selected, cost_usd from runs order by id desc limit 7;'

Tune prefilter_keep, target_article_count and curation.always_include_feeds from what you see in step 8.

Troubleshooting

Symptom	Likely cause
ingesting entries from miniflux error chain	wrong miniflux.base_url/API key, or Miniflux is down. Fatal by design.
Rating links return 403	the issue was generated with a different (or missing) server.hmac_secret than the running server has.
Read-only file system while publishing	ReadWritePaths in the unit does not cover the configured publish dirs.
Run status degraded	a best-effort stage failed; the warnings are in the report (/issues.json, runs.error, the journal).
No XTC file	xtc.enabled = false, Node missing, wrong xtc.args path, or xtc.settings unset/pointing at a font that does not exist. Non-fatal — the X4 can read the X4 EPUB from BookOrbit instead. The report warning quotes the converter's own error.
Font path is required for a settings file that does set font.path	The process cannot read the file, and the converter cannot tell that apart from the file not existing. Almost always running the converter as yourself instead of daily-epub (see above), or a font path that has moved. sudo -u daily-epub cat /etc/daily-epub/xtc-settings.json and sudo -u daily-epub test -r <font> && echo ok settle it.
The X4's OPDS browser says "Failed to fetch feed"	Usually an empty feed: curl -s https://daily.hallada.net/opds/xtc.xml and count the <entry> elements. Zero means no .xtch has ever been published — fix the converter, not the server.
No World Briefing	The portal page for the issue's own date is an empty stub until midday UTC, so the run falls back up to world::MAX_LOOKBACK_DAYS days. A warning means even those were empty or Wikipedia was unreachable.

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Development

cargo test                 # unit + integration, fully offline
cargo clippy --all-targets
cargo fmt

The crate is a library plus a thin binary, so tests drive the pipeline directly. tests/e2e_pipeline.rs is the capstone: synthetic entries → dedupe → offline extraction → prefilter → selection (both the --skip-llm route and a MockBackend DeepSeek route) → editorial → both EPUB editions → publish → OPDS and database rows, with no network access anywhere.

Layout: src/pipeline.rs wires the stages; src/{dedupe,extract,social,curate, comments,world,epub,publish,server} implement them; src/auth.rs owns the rating token formula used by both the EPUB writer and the server; src/types.rs is the contract between stages.

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Known limitations

From spec §7, plus what implementation turned up:

• X/Twitter social proof is omitted — no free API. The social.source enum reserves x for the day that changes.
• Lobsters linkage only works when the entry arrived via a lobste.rs feed or carries a lobste.rs/s/<id> comments URL: there is no public URL-search API.
• Paywalled articles degrade to an excerpt plus a link. They are penalized in the pre-filter but not banned — strong social proof can still surface them.
• The Xteink X4 cannot follow rating links (no browser). Rating happens from KOReader devices; the X4 edition still carries the links harmlessly.
• Reddit is rate-limited to ~1 request/second and is skipped for the rest of the run after a 429. Social data is best-effort by design.
• "Came via Scour" needs the feed URL. It is detected from the live Miniflux feed map during a run; re-deriving it later from the entries table alone falls back to matching the feed title.
• Images are downloaded once per edition (the two editions need different resolutions and colour profiles), so an image-heavy issue makes two passes.
• dc:date rides inside a dcterms:date metadata fragment because epub-builder neither exposes dc:date nor accepts a non-chrono date. The OPF output is correct; the mechanism is a workaround.
• async-openai is not used. The published crate exposes neither Client nor types::chat in a usable feature combination and would add a second HTTP stack, so curate/llm.rs speaks the OpenAI-compatible wire protocol over the shared reqwest client instead, behind a ChatBackend trait. The dependency was removed.
• Only DeepSeek is wired. Another provider means another ChatBackend impl.
• No embedding-based personal ranker yet (spec §3.9 future work); the schema is ready for it once ~200 ratings exist.
• One reader, one issue per day. There is no multi-user support and no weekly/retrospective edition (spec §6).